![]() In this chapter a library of z-domain equivalent circuits will be developed to facilitate the analysis, design, and, more importantly, to aid the reader's understanding of switched capacitor networks. However, SC filters are analog networks thus, the analog concepts of impedance and loading, which are absent in digital filters, are retained. Because of their sampled-data character, switched capacitor networks are most conveniently analyzed and designed, in the z-transform domain, like digital filters. In this chapter we describe and demonstrate techniques for the analysis and design of active switched capacitor networks. Finally, when the LF, MLF, and FLF designs do not quite satisfy requirements, an optimized MSF design should be tried.Īctive Switched Capacitor Sampled-Data Networks FLF filter is not only easy to design, it is the only topology whose output noise can remain independent of the overall filter gain and the type of second-order section used. Since LF designs can be derived directly from a properly terminated LC ladder network, the very low LF sensitivities can often be obtained with modest engineering effort. However, lower in-band sensitivities will be achieved with either an LF or MLF design. In fact, all MF designs can provide lower sensitivities than the cascade within the passband. When the sections are assigned identical Q's, the FLF (PRB) design will provide lower sensitivities than will a corresponding cascade design. To meet more challenging requirements, the SAB MF topologies in Fig. In most applications we find that cascade designs, with a 0.2 % resistor tuning capability, provide sufficient precision. A simple design method requiring minimum engineering time is the cascade approach. To minimize Op Amps, designs based on the use of single-amplifier biquads (SABs) are encouraged. For all but the most tolerant applications, the direct approach is impractical. The technique that will serve a given application best, is the one that meets the frequency-domain and statistical requirements with minimum hardware and engineering time. Multiple-loop feedback (and feedforward) synthesis. ![]() In this chapter we have presented numerous alternative means for realizing high-order filters. ![]() Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) Īctive filters and other active networks Other keywords: switched capacitor filters Ĭontinuous-time second-order active sections Among other topics, the authors discuss the design of continuous-time, second order active sections (biquads), various measures of sensitivity, and the basic properties and classification of continuous-time and sampled data systems, together with filter transfer functions and approximations. Originally published in 1981, Modern Filter Design remains a classic statement of the principles underlying the analysis and design of active RC and switched capacitor filters.
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